Network guides
Short, practical explanations of ping, traceroute and the numbers they print.
Performance
IPv4 vs IPv6 latency: why results can differ
The same host can respond at different speeds over IPv4 and IPv6. Here is why, and how to test both.
Read →GuidesHow to read traceroute output
Stars, repeated hops and sudden latency jumps explained, so you know which traceroute lines matter.
Read →BasicsPing vs traceroute: which one should you use?
Ping tells you whether a host answers. Traceroute tells you where the path slows down. Here is when to reach for each.
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